mawu oyamba: Monga gawo lofunikira la kufalitsa mphamvu ndi kulumikizana, waya ndi chingwe ndizofunikira kuti muphunzire ndikumvetsetsa zofunikira za waya ndi chingwe.Nkhaniyi iyamba kuchokera ku lingaliro loyambirira la mawaya, kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawaya ndi zingwe komanso kuyambika kwachidule kwa kapangidwe kake, zofunikira zamawaya amkuwa, chipolopolo chamkati ndi jekete, kutanthauzira kwamtundu wa mawaya, gulu la mawaya, tanthauzo la mawaya. kusindikiza pa mawaya, choyezera waya ndi kutsitsa kofananira Kufikira pazoyambira waya ndi chingwe potengera kayendedwe, kuyendera, kuyezetsa ndi miyezo.
1. Lingaliro lalikulu la mawaya: Mawaya ndi ma kondakitala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza magetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo monga mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kondakitala wapakati, wokutidwa ndi insulation kuti aletse kutayikira kwapano ndikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zina.Mchimake wakunja umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza wosanjikiza kutchinjiriza kwa kunja kuwonongeka thupi ndi mankhwala.
Mau oyamba mwatsatanetsatane: Waya wapakati wa waya amatha kukhala wowongolera (monga waya wolimba wamkuwa) kapena wowongolera (monga waya wamkuwa wokhazikika).Ma kondakitala olimba ndi oyenera mayendedwe ocheperako komanso ma mtunda waufupi, pomwe ma conductor okhazikika ndi oyenera ma frequency apamwamba komanso ma transmission akutali.Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi insulating layer zitha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni, monga polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) kapena polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE).
2.Kusiyanitsa ndi kapangidwe ka mawaya ndi zingwe:
2.1 Kusiyanitsa: Waya nthawi zambiri amakhala pachimake chimodzi chokhala ndi kondakitala wapakati ndi kutsekereza.Chingwecho chimapangidwa ndi mawaya amitundu yambiri, waya wapakati uliwonse amakhala ndi wosanjikiza wake, komanso wosanjikiza wonse komanso sheath yakunja.
Mau oyamba mwatsatanetsatane: Zingwe zonse zimagwira ntchito komanso zovuta ndipo ndizoyenera kutumizira ma multicore komanso kutumizira mphamvu mtunda wautali.Kapangidwe ka chingwe sichimaphatikizapo kondakitala wapakati ndi wosanjikiza wotsekera, komanso chodzaza, chotchinga chotchinga, sheath yotsekera ndi sheath yakunja.Zodzaza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti pakhale malo okhazikika pakati pa mawaya apakatikati.Chotchinga chotchinga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula kusokoneza pakati pa mawaya apakati.Chotchinga chotchinga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza gawo lonselo, pomwe sheath yakunja imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza gawolo kuti lisawonongeke kunja kwa thupi ndi mankhwala.
3. Zofunikira pa waya wamkuwa: Monga cholumikizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, waya wamkuwa amafunikira ma conductivity apamwamba.Kuphatikiza pa madulidwe amagetsi, waya wamkuwa uyeneranso kukhala ndi matenthedwe abwino, mphamvu zamakomedwe komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Monga chowongolera, mkuwa umakhala ndi kukana kwamagetsi otsika, kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi komanso kutulutsa kwabwino kwamafuta.Waya wamkuwa woyengedwa kwambiri angapereke madulidwe abwino.Kuphatikiza apo, mkuwa umayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zokhazikika komanso kukana dzimbiri kuti zitsimikizire kutalika kwa moyo ndi kudalirika kwa waya.
4. Insulation sheath ndi jekete: Chotchinga chotchinga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kutayikira kwapano komanso kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zina.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) ndi polyethylene yolumikizana ndi mtanda (XLPE).Mchimake wakunja umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza wosanjikiza insulating ku kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi mankhwala, ndipo zinthu zambiri ntchito ndi polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) kapena polyethylene (PE).
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Choyikapo ndi gawo lofunikira pakutchingira ndi kuteteza mawaya ndi zingwe.Zida zosiyanasiyana zotchinjiriza zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Kusungunula kwa polyvinyl chloride (PVC), mwachitsanzo, kumakhala ndi magetsi abwino komanso kukana kwa mankhwala ndipo ndikoyenera kufalitsa mphamvu m'nyumba ndi nyumba zamalonda.Wosanjikiza wa polyethylene (PE) amakhala ndi kukana kuzizira bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza mphamvu zakunja.Chosanjikiza cholumikizira cha polyethylene (XLPE) chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri ndipo ndi koyenera kufalitsa mphamvu m'malo otentha kwambiri.
5. Tanthauzo la mtundu wa waya: Mu mawaya ndi zingwe, mawaya amitundu yosiyanasiyana amaimira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi milingo yamagetsi.Mwachitsanzo, mu muyezo wa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), buluu imayimira waya wosalowerera, wachikasu-wobiriwira umayimira waya wapansi, ndipo wofiyira kapena wofiirira amayimira waya wagawo.
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Kutanthauzira kwamitundu yamawaya kumagwirizana padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa mabwalo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, buluu nthawi zambiri limasonyeza waya wosalowerera, njira yobwerera panopa.Yellow-green nthawi zambiri imasonyeza waya wapansi, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa magetsi mosamala.Wofiira kapena bulauni nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati waya wagawo, womwe umayang'anira kunyamula magetsi.Mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono, kotero muyenera kumvetsetsa miyezo ndi malamulo amderalo.
6. Gulu la ndodo za waya: Mawaya amatha kugawidwa molingana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, zida zotsekera, zotchingira moto, ndi zina zambiri. Zigawo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zingwe zotsika voteji (kupirira voteji zosakwana 1000V), zingwe zapakati ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zingwe zoletsa moto, ndi zina zambiri. .
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Kuyika kwa mawaya kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.Zingwe zotsika mphamvu ndizoyenera nyumba ndi nyumba zamalonda, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapirira ma voltages pansi pa 1000V.Zingwe zamagetsi zapakati ndi zazitali ndizoyenera kutumizira mizere, ndipo mtundu wamagetsi opirira nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 1kV ndi 500kV.Zingwe zosagwira moto zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoletsa moto ndipo zimalepheretsa kuti moto usafalikire.
7. Tanthauzo la kusindikiza kwa waya: Kusindikiza pawaya ndikuzindikiritsa zidziwitso zenizeni za waya, monga wopanga, chitsanzo, ndondomeko, mlingo wamagetsi, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyika bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza zingwe. .
Chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane: Kusindikiza pawaya ndi chizindikiro chowonjezeredwa ndi wopanga panthawi yopangira kuti azitsatira ndikutsimikizira chidziwitso cha waya.Kupyolera mu kusindikiza, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudziwa mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito waya.Mwachitsanzo, dzina la wopanga ndi mauthenga olumikizana nawo angathandize ogwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pogulitsa ntchito ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo.
8. Wire gauge ndi ma ampacity ofanana: Wire gauge imatanthawuza mafotokozedwe ndi kukula kwa waya.Mawaya amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu zosiyanasiyana komanso kuthekera konyamulira komwe kumafunikira kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Wire gauge nthawi zambiri imayimiriridwa ndi muyezo, monga mawonekedwe a AWG (American Wire Gauge), masikweya millimeter (mm²).Mawaya amtundu wosiyanasiyana ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana am'mbali ndi madulidwe amagetsi, kotero mphamvu yonyamulira yomwe ikufananirako idzakhalanso yosiyana.Malingana ndi katundu wamakono ndi kutalika kwa waya, chingwe choyenera cha waya chikhoza kusankhidwa kuti chitsimikizidwe kuti chingwecho chikugwira ntchito bwino.
9. kuyang'anira, kuyesa, kulongosola koyenera: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti waya akukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitetezo ndi kudalirika, waya amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuyesa.Nthawi zambiri, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zamawaya kumafunika kutsata miyezo yoyenera yadziko kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga IEC, GB ndi miyezo ina.
Chiyambi chatsatanetsatane: Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa waya kumafuna kuunika ndi kuyesa.Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga kukana kwa kondakitala, mphamvu yotchinjiriza magetsi, kulimba kwa zigawo zotsekera, komanso kulimba kwa zida zoyendetsera ziyenera kuyesedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga IEC, GB, ndi zina zambiri, kuwonetsetsa kuti waya akukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndiukadaulo.
pomaliza: Chidziwitso choyambirira cha waya ndi chingwe ndi chofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndikukonza waya ndi chingwe.Pomvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamawaya, kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawaya ndi zingwe, zofunikira za mawaya amkuwa, mawaya otsekera ndi ma jekete, tanthauzo lamitundu yamawaya, kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu la waya, tanthauzo la kusindikiza kwa waya, kuwunika kwa waya ndi kunyamula komweku. mphamvu ndi kuyendera, Podziwa kuyesa ndi miyezo, tikhoza kumvetsetsa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito waya ndi chingwe.Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idzakhala yothandiza kwa owerenga ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso cha akatswiri a waya ndi chingwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2023