Kufotokozera kwa Waya ndi Chingwe

Mawaya ndi zingwe ndizofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zasankhidwa bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu za waya ndi chingwe.

1. Kukula kwa Conductor
   1. Cross-Sectional Area: Chigawo chamtanda cha kondakitala ndi gawo lofunikira, lomwe nthawi zambiri limawonetsedwa mu masikweya millimeters (mm²) kapena mils yozungulira. Kukula kwakukulu kwa gawo la mtanda, kumachepetsa kukana kwa conductor komanso mphamvu yonyamula panopa. Mwachitsanzo, waya wamba wamba wamagetsi wamba akhoza kukhala ndi malo opingasa a 1.5 mm², 2.5 mm², kapena 4 mm², pomwe chingwe chotumizira mphamvu zambiri chikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri.
   2. Diameter: Makulidwe a kondakitala ndiwofunikiranso, makamaka pazinthu zina zapadera monga zingwe za coaxial kapena zingwe zamawaya abwino. The awiri a kondakitala zimakhudza kusinthasintha ndi unsembe danga la chingwe.
2. Insulation Material ndi Makulidwe
   1. Insulation Material: Zida zosiyanasiyana zotchinjiriza zimakhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zotchinjiriza magetsi, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kwamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kusungunula kwa PVC kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazingwe zotsika mphamvu chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso katundu wabwino wamagetsi. Kusungunula kwa XLPE kumakhala ndi kutentha kwabwinoko komanso kutentha kwamagetsi, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zamphamvu kwambiri.
   2. Insulation Makulidwe: Makulidwe a wosanjikiza wosungunula amatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe. Kukwera kwa voliyumu yogwira ntchito, m'pamenenso wosanjikiza wotsekera uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chamagetsi pa chingwe. Komanso, makulidwe kutchinjiriza kumakhudzanso kusinthasintha ndi awiri akunja a chingwe.
3. Sheathing Zinthu ndi Makulidwe
   1. Sheathing Material: Monga tanenera kale, zinthu za sheathing zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chingwe ku zowonongeka zakunja. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za sheathing kumadalira malo oyika ndi zofunikira za chingwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamakhazikitsidwe akunja, chotchinga chotchinga chokhala ndi UV bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi amafunikira. M'madera omwe ali ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamakina, chinthu cha sheathing chokhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri komanso kukana kukhudzidwa ndikofunikira.
   2. Makulidwe a Sheathing: Makulidwe a sheathing wosanjikiza ndi gawo lofunikira, lomwe limakhudza magwiridwe antchito amakina ndi moyo wautumiki wa chingwe. Chosanjikiza chokulirapo chingapereke chitetezo chabwino kwa chingwe, koma chidzawonjezeranso m'mimba mwake ndi kulemera kwa chingwe, zomwe zingakhudze kuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe.
4. Mtengo wa Voltage
   1. Adavotera Voltage: Mphamvu yamagetsi ya chingwe ndiyo mphamvu yaikulu yomwe chingwecho chingathe kupirira mosalekeza panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi gawo lofunikira pakusankha chingwe. Ngati mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito iposa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chingwe, ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa insulation ndi ngozi zamagetsi.
   2. Gulu la Voltage: Malinga ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi, zingwe zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zotsika mphamvu (pansi pa 1 kV), zingwe zapakati-voltage (1 kV mpaka 35 kV), zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri (35 kV mpaka 220 kV), ndi zokulirapo- zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri (zoposa 220 kV).
5. Kutalika kwa Chingwe
   1. Utali Wokhazikika: Zingwe zambiri zimapangidwa muutali wokhazikika, monga mamita 100, mamita 500, kapena mamita 1000. Utali wokhazikika ndi wosavuta kupanga, mayendedwe, ndi kukhazikitsa. Komabe, pazinthu zina zapadera, zingwe zazitali zazitali zitha kufunikira.
   2. Kulekerera Kwautali: Pali kulolerana kwautali kwa zingwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mkati mwa gawo lina la kutalika kwadzina. Kulekerera kwautali kumafunika kuganiziridwa pogula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutalika kwake kwa chingwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za polojekitiyi.