Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo woletsa malawi a zida zamagetsi, mitundu yatsopano ya zingwe zotchingira malawi yakhala ikutuluka mosalekeza, kuchokera ku zingwe zoyambilira zotha kuyatsa moto kupita ku zingwe zoziziritsa utsi zotsika utsi wa halogen ndi zingwe zopanda utsi wa halogen zopanda utsi wamoto. . Izi zikuwonetsa kuti zofunikira pazingwe zoletsa malawi zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira mzaka zaposachedwa.
M’maiko onga ku Ulaya, United States, ndi Japan, mawaya ndi zingwe zokometsera zachilengedwe zakhala zofala kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya zingwe. Maboma amaletsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuitanitsa zingwe zosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Zinthu wamba zowotcha moto zimakhala ndi halogen yambiri. Akayaka, amatulutsa utsi wambiri komanso mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen halide. Kuchepa kwamoto wopanda halogen kumapezeka makamaka mu polyolefins. Chifukwa chake, zingwe zotsika utsi za halogen zidzakhala njira yayikulu yachitukuko m'tsogolomu. Chifukwa chake, kutulutsa kwa chingwe chopanda utsi chopanda utsi cha halogen kudzakambidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi.
- Zida Extrusion
A. Chigawo chachikulu cha waya ndi chingwe extrusion zida ndi wononga wononga, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito osiyanasiyana ndi dzuwa kupanga extruder. Kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana pulasitiki processing, pali mitundu yambiri mapanga wononga. Zipangizo zamagetsi zotsika utsi wa halogen wopanda lawi lamoto zimakhala ndi magnesium hydroxide yodzaza kwambiri kapena aluminiyamu hydroxide. Chifukwa chake, posankha zomangira, zomangira wamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo kupsinjika kwawo sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1: 1 ndi 1: 2.5 ndikoyenera.
B. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kutulutsa chingwe chochepa cha halogen chopanda utsi pa nthawi ya extrusion ndi chipangizo chozizira cha extruder. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chapadera cha zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen, kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa chifukwa cha kukangana panthawi ya extrusion. Izi zimafuna kuti zida za extrusion zili ndi chipangizo chabwino chozizira chowongolera kutentha kwa ndondomeko. Ili ndi vuto lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, ma pores akuluakulu adzapangidwa pamwamba pa chingwe; ngati kutentha kuli kochepa kwambiri, zonse zamakono zamakono zidzawonjezeka, ndipo zidazo zimakhala zowonongeka. - Extrusion Molds
Chifukwa chazinthu zodzaza kwambiri muzitsulo zopanda utsi za halogen zopanda utsi, pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu mphamvu yosungunuka, chiŵerengero chojambula, ndi kukhuthala pakati pa izo ndi zipangizo zina za chingwe zomwe zimasungunuka. Choncho, kusankha nkhungu kumakhalanso kosiyana. Choyamba, mu kusankha extrusion njira nkhungu. Potulutsa chingwe chopanda utsi chopanda utsi, nkhungu yotulutsa mpweya iyenera kukhala yamtundu wa extrusion, ndipo panthawi yotulutsa sheath, mtundu wa semi-extrusion uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe mphamvu zamakokedwe, kutalika, ndi kutha kwa zinthuzo zingatsimikizidwe kwathunthu. Chachiwiri, pakusankhidwa kwa manja akufa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu za extrusion, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa zinthuzo, kupanikizika pamutu wakufa kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo zinthuzo zidzakula pamene zituluka mu nkhungu. Chifukwa chake, malaya amkati ayenera kukhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwake. Pomaliza, zida zamakina azinthu zopanda utsi wopanda halogen sizokwera kuposa zida wamba wamba komanso zida zotsika utsi za halogen. Chiŵerengero chake ndi chaching'ono, pafupifupi 2.5 mpaka 3.2. Choncho, posankha nkhungu, zojambula zake ziyenera kuganiziridwanso mokwanira. Izi zimafuna kuti kusankhidwa ndi kufanana kwa manja akufa kusakhale kwakukulu, mwinamwake pamwamba pa chingwe sichidzakhala chochuluka, ndipo zokutira za extrusion zidzakhala zotayirira.
Mfundo imodzi yowonjezera: Mphamvu yamagalimoto yamakina akulu iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira. Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa zida za LSHF, mphamvu zosakwanira sizigwira ntchito.
Mfundo imodzi yosagwirizana: Kutalika kwa gawo lagalari la nkhungu ya extrusion sikuyenera kukhala yayitali, nthawi zambiri kuchepera 1 mm. Ngati ili lalitali, mphamvu yometa ubweya idzakhala yaikulu kwambiri.- Kwa zida zopanda halogen, kugwiritsa ntchito screw yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha kuponderezana pokonza ndikwabwino. (Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kuponderezana chidzayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu mkati ndi kunja kwa pulasitiki, ndipo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake chimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yotentha kwambiri.)
- Chifukwa chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa moto woyaka moto muzinthu zopanda utsi wopanda halogen, pali zovuta zazikulu pakutulutsa. Mphamvu yometa ubweya wa screw pa zinthu zopanda halogen ndi yayikulu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri pakali pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito screw yapadera ya extrusion pazinthu zopanda halogen.
- Panthawi ya extrusion, chinthu chofanana ndi kutuluka m'maso chimawonekera panja. Zikakhala zambiri, zimagwirizanitsa ndi waya ndikupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe ake. Kodi mudakumanapo ndi izi? Kodi muli ndi mayankho abwino? Ndi mphepo yomwe imamangiriridwa ku khomo lakunja. Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutsegulira kwa kufa ndikusintha nkhungu kuti ikhale yotambasula pang'ono kumathandizira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndimakumana ndi vutoli ndipo sindipeza yankho lofunikira. Ndikuganiza kuti zimayamba chifukwa cha kusalumikizana bwino kwa zigawo zakuthupi. Akuti kugwiritsa ntchito blowtorch kuphika kumatha kugwira ntchito, koma kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, apo ayi kutsekerezako kumawonongeka. Ngati kutentha kwa mutu wa kufa kuli kwakukulu, kuchepetsa kutentha pang'ono kumathetsa vutoli. Pali njira ziwiri zothetsera vutoli: 1) Gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yamlengalenga powombera, makamaka ndi mpweya wotentha; 2) Sinthani kapangidwe ka nkhungu popanga katulutsidwe kakang'ono potsegulira kufa. Kutalika kwa protrusion nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 1 mm. Koma sindikudziwa ngati pali opanga pakhomo omwe angathe kupanga nkhungu zoterezi. Chifukwa cha vuto la mpweya pa khomo lotseguka panthawi yotulutsa utsi wopanda utsi wa halogen, kuyika chipangizo chochotseramo mpweya wotentha pakutsegulira kumatha kuthetsa vutoli. Kampani yathu ikugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Mfundo imodzi yowonjezera: Popanga zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu ya semi-tubular extrusion kwa tubular extrusion. Kuonjezera apo, mapeto a nkhungu ayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri kuti asawonekere ngati madontho otuluka m'maso pa kutsegula kwa kunja. - Funso: Popanga zinthu zopanda utsi wopanda utsi wa halogen pakadali pano, kutentha kwa gawo lachinayi la mbiya kumakwerabe. Pambuyo pakuwonjezereka, kutentha kumakwera pafupifupi madigiri 40, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale thovu. Kodi pali mayankho abwino? Kwa zochitika za thovu zomwe zimawoneka panthawi yotulutsa utsi wochepa wa halogen wopanda utsi, malinga ndi kusanthula kwachizolowezi: Chimodzi ndi chakuti zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi chinyezi. Pamaso extrusion, ndi bwino kuchita kuyanika mankhwala; Awiri ndikuti kutentha kwa kutentha panthawi ya extrusion kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Mphamvu yometa ubweya wa zinthu zopanda halogen panthawi ya extrusion ndi yayikulu, ndipo kutentha kwachilengedwe kumapangidwa pakati pa mbiya ndi screw. Ndibwino kuti muchepetse kutentha kwapakati; Chachitatu ndi chifukwa cha khalidwe la zinthu zomwezo. Mafakitale ambiri azinthu zama chingwe amangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zosefera kuti achepetse ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yokoka yochulukirapo. Kwa zochitika za thovu zomwe zimawoneka panthawi yotulutsa utsi wochepa wa halogen wopanda utsi, malinga ndi kusanthula kwachizolowezi: Chimodzi ndi chakuti zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi chinyezi. Pamaso extrusion, ndi bwino kuchita kuyanika mankhwala; Awiri ndikuti kutentha kwa kutentha panthawi ya extrusion kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Mphamvu yometa ubweya wa zinthu zopanda halogen panthawi ya extrusion ndi yayikulu, ndipo kutentha kwachilengedwe kumapangidwa pakati pa mbiya ndi screw. Ndibwino kuti muchepetse kutentha kwapakati; Chachitatu ndi chifukwa cha khalidwe la zinthu zomwezo. Mafakitale ambiri azinthu zama chingwe amangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zosefera kuti achepetse ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yokoka yochulukirapo. Ngati ndi mutu wa pini, kodi ungapangenso zida zopanda utsi wa halogen? Ayi, mphamvu yakumeta ubweya ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo padzakhala thovu zonse. 1) Dziwani kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana kwa screw yanu ndi mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake mugawo lachinayi, kaya pali magawo osinthira kapena magawo obwerera kumbuyo. Ngati ndi choncho, ndi bwino kusintha wononga. 2) Dziwani njira yozizirira mu gawo lachinayi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chofanizira kuwuzira mpweya kuderali kuti uziziziritsa. 3) Kwenikweni, izi sizimakhudza kwambiri ngati zinthuzo zimakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi kapena ayi. Komabe, kuthamanga kwa extrusion kwa zida za halogen zopanda sheath sikuyenera kukhala kothamanga kwambiri.
- Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika pamene mukutulutsa zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen: 1) Kutentha panthawi ya extrusion ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuwongolera kutentha kuyenera kukhala kolondola. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwakukulu kumafunika pakati pa 160 - 170 madigiri. Isakhale yokwera kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, aluminium hydroxide kapena magnesium hydroxide m'zinthuzo zimakhala zosavuta kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo osakhala osalala komanso kusokoneza ntchito yake; ngati kutentha kuli kochepa kwambiri, mphamvu yometa ubweya ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa extrusion ndi kwakukulu, ndipo pamwamba sibwino. 2) Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tubular extrusion nkhungu pa extrusion. Pofananiza nkhungu, payenera kukhala kutambasula kwina. Pa extrusion, mandrel ayenera kukhala 1 - 3 mm kumbuyo kwa dzanja lakufa. Kuthamanga kwa extrusion sikuyenera kukhala kofulumira, ndipo kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 7 - 12 m. Ngati liwiro liri lothamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yometa ubweya ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kumakhala kovuta kulamulira. (Ngakhale LSZH sikophweka pokonza, ndithudi si pang'onopang'ono (monga tafotokozera Little Bird, 7 - 12 M). Komabe, ndi liwiro la 25 kapena kuposa, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi 6 MM!! )
- Kutentha kwa extrusion kwa zinthu zopanda utsi wopanda halogen kumasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa extruder. Kutentha kwa extrusion komwe ndidayesa ndi 70-type extruder ndi motere kuti mufotokozere. Gawo 1: 170 madigiri, Gawo 2: 180 madigiri, Gawo 3: 180 madigiri, Gawo 4: 185 madigiri, Imfa mutu: 190 madigiri, Machine diso: 200 madigiri. Kuchuluka kumatha kufika madigiri 210. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa choyambitsa moto chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa chiyenera kukhala madigiri 350, kotero sichidzawola. Mlozera wosungunuka wa zinthu zopanda halogen umakhala wabwino kwambiri komanso umakhala wosavuta kutulutsa. Chifukwa chake, zomangira zamtundu wa 150 zimathanso kuzitulutsa bola ngati madzi opanda halogen ndi abwino mokwanira. (Ndikufuna ndikufunseni ngati kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe mwatchulako ndi kutentha kowonetsedwa kapena kutentha kokhazikitsidwa? Tikachita izi, kutentha kwa seti nthawi zambiri sikudutsa madigiri 140.) Inde, kutentha kwamoto kumatsika kutentha kupitirira. 160 madigiri.
- Kupanga bwino pogwiritsa ntchito screw BM yokhala ndi compression ratio ya 3.0. Ndikukhudzidwanso ndi izi. Ndifunseni akatswiri onse: Chifukwa chiyani zomangira zokhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba (> 1: 2.5) sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga? Mphamvu yometa ubweya ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo thovu lidzapangidwa. Kampani yathu yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito 150 kupanga zingwe zopanda utsi wopanda utsi wa halogen, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizabwino kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zofananira komanso zozama, ndipo kutentha kwa gawo lililonse kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino, apo ayi mavubu kapena mavuto akale a guluu adzachitika. Komabe, ndi zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi iliyonse, wononga ndi pulley ziyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo kupanikizika kwa mbiya ndi mutu wakufa kumakhalanso kwakukulu.
- Ndikuganiza kuti ndibwino kuti musamatsutse panthawi yotulutsa mpweya kuti mulole wachibale azitha kuyenda mozungulira komanso kuti asavutike.
- Komabe, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa poletsa kufalikira kwa zinthu potsegulira chakudya.
- Kampani yathu idagwiritsa ntchito zida wamba zopanda halogen m'mbuyomu, zomwe zimakonda kuyera. Tsopano timagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za GE, zomwe zimakhala zokwera mtengo koma zilibe vuto loyera. Ndikufuna ndikufunseni ngati zida zanu zopanda halogen zili ndi vuto loyera?
- Chifukwa cha kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa moto woyaka moto muzinthu zopanda utsi wa halogen, ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe liwiro silingawonjezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto aakulu mu ndondomeko ya extrusion. Panthawi ya extrusion, chinthu chofanana ndi kutuluka m'maso chimawonekera panja. Zikakhala zambiri, zimagwirizanitsa ndi waya ndikupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe ake. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ikhoza kuphikidwa ndi blowtorch. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, apo ayi kusungunula kudzawonongeka. Iyi ndiye malo ovuta kwambiri owongolera panjira. Kwa zida zopanda halogen, kugwiritsa ntchito tsinde locheperako komanso zomangira zopanda pake pakukonza zilibe vuto potengera liwiro la kukonza. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zida zazing'ono zamakina otulutsa (zokhala ndi screw m'mimba mwake 100 mm kapena kuchepera) komanso kutulutsa kwa waya wopanda utsi wopanda utsi wogwiritsa ntchito vinyl acetate copolymer ngati maziko, mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito wamba. Zomangira za PVC ndi zomangira zapadera zopangira zida zopanda utsi wopanda utsi. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a extrusion ndi mawonekedwe ake akadali mapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zoletsa moto zosiyanasiyana, zida zina zodzaza, ndi zida zoyambira. Pamene ntchito PVC ndi PE zinthu extrusion zomangira kubala otsika utsi halogen-free zipangizo, chifukwa mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zinthu zoterezi, ndi psinjika chiŵerengero cha wamba PVC zinthu extrusion zomangira ndi za 2.5 - 3.0. Ngati zomangira zophatikizika ngati izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zopanda utsi wopanda utsi, panthawi ya extrusion, kusanganikirana mkati mwa wononga sikufika bwino kwambiri panthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimakhala mu screw, ndipo zinthuzo zimatsatira khoma lamkati la mbiya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakwanira linanena bungwe la guluu, kulephera kuonjezera liwiro la extrusion, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuonjezera katundu galimoto. Choncho, sikoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ngati kupanga misa kumachitika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito wononga wapadera ndi otsika psinjika chiŵerengero. Ndibwino kuti psinjika chiŵerengero akhale pansi 1.8: 1. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagalimoto iyenera kukulitsidwa ndipo inverter yoyenera yamagetsi iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za extrusion ndi waya.
- Mavuto onse a zipangizo zopanda utsi wa halogen ndi: 1) Pali pores mu mankhwala otulutsidwa; 2) Kutha kwapamwamba kumakhala koyipa; 3) Kutulutsa guluu kumakhala kochepa; 4) Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa screw ndi kwakukulu.
- Pamene extruding halogen-free otsika utsi retardant zipangizo lawi, popeza kutentha sangakhale okwera kwambiri, mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zinthu ndi mkulu. The extrusion makina screw ayenera kusankhidwa ngati 20/1, ndi psinjika chiŵerengero sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 2.5. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yometa ubweya, kutentha kwachilengedwe kumakhala kwakukulu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuziziritsa screw. Kuphika ndi blowtorch pamoto wocheperako kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pakutulutsa kwamaso pakutsegula kwa kufa ndipo sikungaswe kutsekereza.
- Kufunafuna thandizo la chiŵerengero cha nkhungu zopanda utsi wa halogen wopanda extrusion. Chiŵerengero chojambula ndi 1.8 - 2.5, digiri ya draw balance ndi 0.95 - 1.05. Chiŵerengero chojambula ndi chochepa kwambiri kuposa cha PVC. Yesani kupanga nkhungu yofananira kukhala yaying'ono! Chiyerekezo chojambula ndi pafupifupi 1.5. Mandrel safunikira kunyamula waya. Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya semi-extrusion. Kutentha kwa madzi a thanki yoyamba yamadzi ndi 70 - 80 °. Ndiye kuziziritsa mpweya ntchito, ndipo potsiriza madzi kuzirala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-12-2024